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<body lang=ZH-CN style='tab-interval:21.0pt;word-wrap:break-word;text-justify-trim:
punctuation'>

<div class=WordSection1 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;line-height:8.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>一、名词解释</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>教育本质</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span></b><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>教育本质是教学内部所包含的一系列必然性，规律性的集合，是教育区别于其他事物的根本原因和依据，是由教育自身所固有的特殊矛盾构成的。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>书院</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span></b><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>是我国古代特有的高等教育机构，它以私人创办为主，积聚大量图书，将教学活动与学术研究结合在一起，从唐代至清末，存在了一千年之久。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>中世纪大学</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span></b><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>欧洲封建社会（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>5</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>世纪到</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'>17</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>世纪）的大学，具有行会性、自制性、国际性和宗教性等特点。高等教育发展过程中的雏形阶段的标志，它已初步建立了教完整的教育目的、教育计划、教育内容、教育组织形式和教育管理体制。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>赠地学院：</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>1862</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>年国会通过“赠地法案”，规定各州凡有国会议员一名，拨联邦土地</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>万英亩，用这些土地的收益维持、资助至少一所学院，培养工农业急需人才，历史上称之为“赠地学院”，后来大多数成为州立大学，是美国高等教育的重要力量，为美国的经济腾飞<span
class=GramE>作出</span>了巨大贡献。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;
color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>院系调整：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>以苏联模式为蓝本的教育改革始于</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;
color:black'>1952</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>年秋。即改造文理工<span
class=GramE>医</span>农学科齐全的综合大学为文理综合大学，设置其它科类的单科和多科学院，且以单科学院为主。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>高教</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'>60</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>条：</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=a style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:8.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;color:red'>大众化：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri'>教育的大众化是一个量与<span
class=GramE>质统一</span>的概念，量的<span class=GramE>增长指</span>的是适龄青年高等学校入学率要达到</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>15%~50%</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri'>。质的变化包括教育理念的改变、教育功能的扩大、培养目标和教育模式的多样化、课程设置、教学方式与方法、入学条件、管理方式以及高等教育与社会的关系等一系列变化。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>民主化：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>两方面含义。一是涉及接受高等教育的权利和教育机会均等的问题。另一层含义体现在高等教育管理上。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>终身化：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>终身教育。出现在</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'>20</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>世纪</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'>60</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'>年代，</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
6.5pt;color:black'>70</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>年代在世界范围得到认可并传入我国。</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'>
</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'>PS</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'>：名词解释有考的必要吗？怀疑中。。。）</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>国际化：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>指跨国界，跨民族，跨文化的高等教育交流与合作，即高等教育所应有的国际意识、国际交流、国际合作和国际理解。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>开放大学：</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'>20</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>世纪</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'>60</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black'>年代诞生于英国，是英国对高等教育发展的一个贡献，它是随着成人教育兴盛、教育广播电视兴起和教育民主化运动三种趋势聚合演化而成的。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>教育适应性：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>教育适应性指主动的创造性的适应自然环境和社会环境，以满足人类社会发展的需要。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>社会本位：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>主张根据国家利益与社会需要来制定教育目的和进行教育，是以教育的社会价值为取向的。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>个人本位：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>主张根据个人发展的需要确定教育目的和进行教育，是以教育的个人价值为取向的。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=a style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:8.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;color:red'>高等教育结构：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri'>是指高等教育系统内各组成部分之间的联系方式和比例关系，它是一个多维度多层次的复杂的综合结构。大致可分为宏观结构和微观结构，其宏观结构包括：层次结构、科类结构、形式结构、能级结构、地域结构、管理体制结构等；微观结构包括：学科专业结构、课程结构、教材结构、队伍结构、各类人员的知识结构等。</span><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>层次结构：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>高等教育的层次结构反映高等教育的发展水平，它在很大程度上是由国民经济的技术结构、产业结构与社会结构所决定的。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>科类结构：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>指不同学科领域的高等教育的构成状态和层次结构不同，它是一种横向结构，是由社会经济发展水平、产业结构以及社会分工状况决定的。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>形式结构：</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>高等学校定位：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>指高校确定自身的位置。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>院校研究：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>是把现代管理科学和高等教学研究成果应用于高等学校管理，旨在提高高校管理水平的一门学科和一个实践领域。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=a style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:8.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;color:red'>教学过程：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri'>是学生认识与发展统一实现的过程，或者说，是在学生认识基础上的发展过程。其本质为教学条件下学生认识与发展的过程。</span><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=a style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:8.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;color:red'>课程：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri'>即“教学内容和进程体系”，是空间（内容）与时间（进程）的统一。包括显性课程和隐性课程。</span><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>显性课程：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>狭义课程是指计划课程，也称为显性课程，是经过组织的教学内容，是有目的有计划实施的课程，目前在教学计划中所安排的课程即是这种课程。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>隐性课程：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>计划课程外的非计划课程，也称为隐性课程，包含学生在计划的教学内容之外，通过课外活动，校园文化，人际关系等各种渠道所获得的知识、经验、情感、态度等，对学生的成长具有重大的影响。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>课程结构：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>指课程设置各门类之间的相互关系与组合方式，其涵义：一是课程设置的门类，二是各门课程间质的关系与量的关系，三是组合方式，即根据各门课程间质的关系与量的关系按一定的方式加以整合，形成课程的整体结构。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>讲授法：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>是教师通过口头语言向学生描绘情境、叙述事实、解释概念、论证原理和阐明规律的教学方法。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>自学法：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>是学习者通过独立学习获取知识，技能的方法。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>自学能力：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>指独立地获取知识与更新知识的能力。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>计算机辅助教学：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>简称</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'>CAI</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>，它是以计算机为主要教学媒介所进行的教学活动，也就是利用计算机帮助或代替教师执行部分教学活动，对学生进行知识传授和技能训练。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>多媒终身<span class=GramE>体教学</span>系统：</span></b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>通常是在计算机网络系统的基础上，为开展网络多媒体教学所提供的控制系统，它包括多媒体控制与教学管理系统两部分。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>学生评教：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>学生对教师课堂教学的评估。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>高等教育管理体制：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>是指体系化的高等教育管理组织制度，主要包括高等教育管理组织机构的设置，隶属关系和权限划分。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>学术权力与行政权力：</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>终身教育：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>教育从一次性的过程转变为一个持续不断的过程，满足不同年龄层次的需要。在培养学生时，不仅要服务于学生的谋职和胜任现有工作，更要着眼于他们一生更好的生存和发展，重视其终身受用的素质培养及其构成，使之充分融入</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>21</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>世纪的全球知识社会。它是高等教育在时间上的拓展。</span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>教学评估：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>有广义与狭义之分。广义的教学评估是指对影响教学活动的所有因素的评估。狭义的教学评估则是指根据一定的教学目标和标准，对教师的教进行系统检测，并评定其价值及优缺点，以求改进的过程。它既是教学过程的重要组成部分，亦是所有有效教学与成功教学的基础。</span><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>教学：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>是教育的基本途径，是教师指导下学生的学习活动，是有目的、有计划、有组织进行的人为的可以控制的系统。</span><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>问题研究：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>围绕着具体问题展开，分析原因，提出对策，最终能全部或部分解决问题就是问题研究，它是大学管理干部和教师研究高等教育的基本途径。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>教学方法：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>是为完成一定教学任务，师生在共同活动中采用的途径、手段和工具。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;line-height:8.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:maroon'>二、简答题</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:maroon'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>为什么要学习和研究高等教育理论？</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：高等教育学科是教育科学的重要组成部分，之所以要研究高等教育理论，是因为：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:
8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l21 level1 lfo16;tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>①<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>高教实践需要高教理论的指导。学习与研究高等教育理论的根本意义在于掌握教育规律，用以指导教育实践，使教育实践活动达到合乎规律的结果，不断将教育实践推向前进。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:
8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l21 level1 lfo16;tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>②<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>学习与研究高等教育理论是大学教师专业化的需要。大学教师除在学科专业领域必须有较高的造诣外，还必须掌握教育规律，具有教育理论与教学技能方面的修养。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>简述高等教育的基本性质。</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：高等教育的性质是指高等教育在于其他类型的教育进行比较中所表现出来的特殊性。它既反映出教育的本质特点和一般德行，又有自己的相对独立性。分别为：</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体'>①</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>高等教育的高级性；</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体'>②</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>高等教育的专业性；</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体'>③</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>高等教育的学术性；</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
楷体_GB2312'>④</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>高等教育的公益性；</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体'>⑤</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>高等教育的主体性。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>简述高等教育的主要任务</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：高等教育的主要任务有</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体'>①</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>培养高级专门人才；</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体'>②</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>推进科学技术发展；</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体'>③</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>服务社会发展需要。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>简述教育目标与教育目的之间的关系。</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：教育目的是对教育预期结果的规定，教育目的即是对教育条件下人的发展的预期结果的规定。教育目标是由多种发展要素，多种发展层次所构成的具有可检验性的指标体系。教育目的与教育目标在含义的共同点都是对学生发展预期结果的规定；而区别在于，教育目的是对学生发展终极结果的原则规定，教育目标则是根据国家总的教育目的，在培养时间与学生发展状态上<span
class=GramE>作出</span>的具体规定。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>简述社会发展与人的发展的关系。</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：人的发展是人的本质及其基本属性的发展和完善。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在现有社会历史条件下，社会发展和人的发展之间的关系是既相一致又相矛盾，而随着社会的不断进步将日趋走向统一。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:
8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l23 level1 lfo17;tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>①<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>社会发展与人的发展具有一致性。社会发展与人的发展是不可分割的，二者互为存在和发展的条件，两者在互动中发展，使每个个人获得充分而自由的发展是社会发展的终极目的；</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:
8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l23 level1 lfo17;tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>②<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>社会发展与人的发展具有矛盾性。等社会历史条件不能满足全体社会成员的需要时，社会发展和人的发展就会产生矛盾。这种矛盾主要表现在发展机会和发展取向上的矛盾。社会发展和人的发展之间的矛盾，产生于一定得社会历史条件，一是社会生产力水平的制约，二是社会制度的制约，三是传统观念的束缚。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>影响高等教育结构的因素有哪些？</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）经济因素；（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）文化传统因素；（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）科学技术因素；（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'>4</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）教育因素；（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>5</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）区域因素</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>高等教育层次结构的优化如何体现？</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：</span></b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>普通高校的发展要合理规划层次结构，不同类型的不同层次的高等学校应有不同的发展目标和重点，办出特色。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.3pt;text-indent:-21.3pt;line-height:
8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l20 level2 lfo21;tab-stops:list 21.3pt'><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>（1）<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>本科教育要把重点放在提高质量和效益方面。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.3pt;text-indent:-21.3pt;line-height:
8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l20 level2 lfo21;tab-stops:list 21.3pt'><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>（2）<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>研究生教育要继续贯彻按需培养的原则，根据社会需要，积极进行专业调整，既要加强基础学科，增设新学科，也要服从社会需要，多培养应用学科的研究生。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.3pt;text-indent:-21.3pt;line-height:
8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l20 level2 lfo21;tab-stops:list 21.3pt'><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>（3）<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>专科教育要以培养各类实用人才为主，基本稳定基础学科的规模，适当发展新兴和边缘学科，重点发展应用学科。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.3pt;text-indent:-21.3pt;line-height:
8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:l20 level2 lfo21;tab-stops:list 21.3pt'><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>（4）<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>高等职业技术教育重在动手能力的培养。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>如何理解大学三项职能之间的关系。</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：教学职能、科学研究职能、社会服务职能是现代大学的三项职能、</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:13.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体'>①</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>培养人才是现代大学的根本使命，也是大学所特有，而任何其他社会组织所不可替代的。任何一所大学都应该把教学放在重中之重的位置。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:13.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体'>②</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>科学研究<span
class=GramE>时现代</span>大学的重要职能，大学科研具有三个方面的重要意义，一是创造新知识，二是有利于培养高层次、高质量的人才，三是获得应用研究成果以直接为社会经济发展服务。强调培养人才是现代大学的根本使命，并不是否认科学研究的重要性。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:13.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体'>③</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>社会服务是现代大学职能的延伸。大学职能在培养人才、科学研究的基础上延伸出一项新的社会职能，并给与特别强调，对于推动大学从社会边缘进入社会中心、充分发挥大学的社会职能具有重要的意义。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;line-height:8.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>教学条件构成的因素有哪些？</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;
color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）师生在教学中的地位作用及其相互关系（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）课程即教学活动的内容（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）教学方法与教学组织形式（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'>4</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）教学时间（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>5</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）教学环境（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>6</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）教学的物质条件</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>试分析大学教学的特点？</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue'>答案不确定</span></b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>）教学是教师指导下学生的学习活动；</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>）教学是教育的基本途径；</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>）教学是一种人为的可以控制的系统</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>大学教学过程有何特点？</span></b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>（</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>1</span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>）大学教学的专业性（</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>2</span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>）教学与科研相结合（</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>3</span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>）大学生学习的独立性</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;line-height:8.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>结合实际，谈谈青年教师在推进大学教学整体改革中的</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>应为与可为？</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'> </span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:blue;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>（即可以是简答，还可以做论述）</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:blue;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．在教育思想上正确认识和处理传承和创新的关系，使大学教学过程由单纯的学习过程转变为以学习为主，学习与发现相结合的过程。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．在教育目标上正确认识和处理全面发展与创新人才培养的关系，克服片面发展和平均发展的倾向，确立以全面发展为基础，以培养创新精神和实践能力为重点的教育目标。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．在教学内容上正确认识和处理科学的确定性和不确定性的关系，使教学内容从封闭的知识体系转变为开放的知识体系。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>4</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．在教学方法上正确认识和处理讲授与自学、学习与科研的关系，使教学方法从讲授为主转变为自学为主，并使科研真正进入大学教学过程，以促进学生由学会学习到进入科研，由自学达到治学。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>5</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．在教学管理上正确认识和处理统一要求与个性发展的关系，变刚性管理为弹性管理。</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>如何建立良好的师生关系？</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN'>答：</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．了解和研究学生。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．树立正确的学生观。在教学过程中，学生不是塑造与控制的对象，而是具有主体性、独立性和探索性的学习者，要发挥学生的积极性、主动性和创造性，促进学生主体性的发展和自我建构。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．热爱、尊重学生，公平对待学生。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>4</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．主动与学生沟通，善于与学生交往。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>5</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．努力提高自我修养，健全人格。</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>师生关系的主要类型</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN'>答：</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．传承关系</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．导学关系</span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．合作关系</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>4</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．相长关系</span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>简述更新大学教学内容可采取哪些途径？</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN'>答：</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．讲授内容的更新</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．指导学生通过课外阅读扩充新知识</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>．教材的更新</span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;line-height:8.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>优化大学课程结构应处理好哪些关系？</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span></span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:blue;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN'>答：（</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>）通识教育课程与专业教育课程的关系（</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>2</span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>）专业基础课与专业课的关系（</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>3</span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>）分科课程与综合课程的关系（</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>4</span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>）理论课程与教学实践环节的关系（</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>5</span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>）显性课程与隐性课程的关系（</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>6</span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>）必修课程与选修课程的关系（</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>7</span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>）主修专业课程与第二专业课程的关系（</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>8</span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'>）先行课程与后续课程的关系。</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>你如何认识大学教学方法的本质<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：教学方法是为完成一定的教学任务，师生在共同活动中采用的途径，手段和工具。①大学教学方法是师生在教学活动中相互联系的方式。（教学活动是师生的双向活动，既包括教的方法，也包括学的方法。教法和学法有机联系不可分割，不能孤立的考虑教法和学法。）②大学教学方法又是一种特殊的认识，具有科学方法的性质。（大学教学方法与科学方法虽各有特殊性，但却有本质的联系。大学教学过程作为一种特殊的认知过程，是教师指导下的，大学生以学为住，学习和发现逐步结合的过程。）③大学教学方法的本质在于师生联系方式与科学方法的统一。（教学方法是教学形态的科学方法，是科学方法在教学条件下的运用。因此，大学教学方法的本质是师生联系方式与科学方法的统一，也是教学方法的对象特点与学科特点的统一。）<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>大学教学方法的作用<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：。①科学的教学方法能激发学生的学习兴趣、动机和志向，调动学生学习的积极性和主动性，培养学习的意志，促进学生优良的非智力心理品质的形成和发展。②科学的教学方法是使学生获得正确认知，缩短认知过程，提高认知效率的重要工具，因而具有认知的功能。③由于科学的教学方法凝结着巨大的智力价值，它不仅是传递和掌握知识的工具，而且具有“开智”的功能。④教学是一种有目的、有计划、有组织的活动，是一种人为的可以控制的系统，与教学过程的这一特点相适应，科学的教学方法还具有评价，调节，控制的功能。<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>讲授内容如何处理（包含讲授内容的概念）<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：所谓讲授内容的处理就是根据课堂讲授的特点对既定的教学内容进行选择，加工和组织，而不是教学内容的制订。讲授内容处理<u>基本要求</u>如下①讲授内容应体现专业培养目标的要求。②讲授内容的科学性，硬是确定性与不确定性的统一。③讲授内容要有思想性。④讲授内容应是以教材系统为依据的重点讲授。<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>备课（三个步骤、两个注意问题）<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：老师讲课之前的准备。大体分为<u>三个步骤</u>①在钻研教材，参考教材与分析学生情况的基础上，按照一定的课时规定，进行讲授内容的选择，加工和组织，并写出讲稿或讲授提纲。②根据确定的讲授内容进行教学法准备，包括教学方法的选择和设计与教具的准备。③临上课前再重温一下教案或讲授提纲，使上课时具有充分的心理准备。这里有<u>两个注意问题：</u>①讲稿与教材的关系。应该是“不即不离，若即若离”，在低年纪要“多即少离”，高年纪要“少即多离”。②讲稿同讲课时的临场发挥，一是在分析论证或举例时脱离讲稿所作的即席发挥，一是根据学生的及时反馈对预定的讲授内容和方法所<span
class=GramE>作出</span>的改变或调整。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>结合实际<span lang=EN-US>,</span>谈谈教学方法的选择、组合与应用<span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：在具体的教学时间中只有对教学方法进行恰当的选择合理的组合，并加以正确的应用，才能充分发挥教学方法的作用。而教学方法在教学实践中的有效性，是教学方法选择、组合与应用的根本要求。<u>⑴教学方法的选择的依据：</u>①教学目标。（教学目标是由知识，智能，意向心理品质，思想品德，体质等多种因素构成的。可根据不同的教学目标选择不同的教学方法。<b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>比如</b>：运用讲授知识的传授是比较有效的，但是如果试图用讲授法来发展学生的智能是不行的。）②学科性质与知识形态。由于不同学科研究对象不同，因而在研究方面与教学方法上必然显示出各自的学科特点。<b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>比如：</b>在文理之间，文理科内部各分支学科之间，以及基础学科应用学科之间，在研究方法与教学方法上都存在着显著的差别；③学生发展水平。学生的独立学习水平最为教学方法选择的重要依据，是一种需要因素，也是一种条件限制的因素；④时间条件与物质条件。<b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>比如：</b>各种教学用房，图书资料，仪器设备，经费等。教学方法的选择不能脱离现有的物质条件。<u>⑵教学方法的组合：</u>①教学方法组合的层次性。就高等学校来说，教学方法的选择与组合可分为科类，专业，课程三个基本层次。②教学方法组合的形式。就是各种方法相互联系的形式。大体有几种：<span
lang=EN-US>a</span>包容性组合。一种方法命名的教学方法实际上包容多种方法。<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'>比如：</b>讲授法，实验法，自学法，实习法，科研训练法等，这些都是复合性组合；<span lang=EN-US>b</span>互补性组合。根据一定的教学目标将多种相对独立的教学方法加以平行组合，使各种教学方法相互补充，弥补局限性，综合优势，满足教学目标多方面的要求；<span
lang=EN-US>c</span>量化性组合。教学方法的组合不仅要反映质的关系，还要反映量的关系，即各种方法在整体结构中所占的比例。<u>⑶教学方法的应用：</u>①教学法的基本修养。包括教学法理论，教学经验，教学能力与技能等因素。②教法与学法的有机结合。是教法和学法的统一。③教学方法运用中的灵活性与创造性。④教学方法运用中的情感因素<u>⑷（可自由发挥补充举例）<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></u></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>如何结合教学工作做好大学生的心理健康（可说成是心理健康教育的<span
lang=EN-US>6</span>个方面）<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：大学生心理健康教育的总体原则是：坚持心理健康教育与思想教育相结合，普及教育与个别咨询相结合，课堂教育与课外活动相结合，教育与自我教育相结合，解决心理问题与解决实际问题相结合。<u><span
lang=EN-US>6</span>个方面：</u>⑴传播心理卫生知识，加强心理咨询。（高校要组织力量，加强心理健康队伍建设，开展大学生心理健康问题呀牛，完善心理咨询机构，建立大学生心理健康教育领导体制与工作机制。）⑵加强对新生适应环境的指导，培养人际交往能力。（要帮助学生调整心态，提高生活自理自治能力，帮助他们正确认识自己，树立正确的自我意识，学会平等的态度对待自己和他人；帮助学生开阔生活空间，促进与同学间的沟通；帮助学生端正交往动机，学会必要的交往技巧。）⑶加强对大学生学习指导。（①帮助学生树立职业学习思想和正确的学习目标，提高抱负水平；②要营造良好的学习环境和学习氛围，更新教学内容，改进教学方法，帮助学生培养学习兴趣；③帮助学生树立正确的专业思想；④帮助学生掌握有效的学习方法。）⑷建立和维护健康性心理。①高度重视性道德，塑造健全人格；②传播科学的性知识；③指导学生会合理地控制，宣泄性能量。⑸发展健康的恋爱心理和行为。①培养健康恋爱心理；②发展健康恋爱行为。⑹加强就业指导。①帮助学生树立正确的择业观；②帮助学生全面了解自己的个性特点；③要求学生精心准备自荐材料；④指导学生掌握应聘技巧；⑤引导学生正确处理择业中的挫折。）<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>大学研究有哪些特点？<span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue'>（见教材<span lang=EN-US>P307</span>）</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：</span></b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>与其他科研机构相比较，大学科学研究具有自身的特点。<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）大学学科齐全，门类众多，具有高度的组织性，能满足大科学交叉综合研究的需要。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）大学学术思想活跃，后备力量充足，能满足大科学探索和创新的需要。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）大学是信息集散地，满足大科学对信息的需要。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>4</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）大学研究承担国家重大基础性研究课题，事宜原创研究。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>5</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）大学教师广泛开张自由选题的研究，大学是<span class=GramE>小科学</span>的研究基地。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>大学为什么要研究自己？<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：①大学生应当研究自己。中国的高等教育是从西方移植而来，至今<span
lang=EN-US>100</span>多年。中国办高等教育总体上还是模仿和借鉴。中国的国情十分的复杂，高等教育关涉千家万户，与社会经济，政治文化息息相关，是一项浩大的系统工程，任何照搬照抄都是行不通的，必须在“拿来主义”的基础上，认真研究中国高等教育的发展之路。大学是我们每一个“大学人”的大学，大学管理干部都要研究高等教育的规律，大学教师要研究培养目标，教学内容，教学方法，教学组织形式，即使是大学生也要研究大学学习的规律。可见，大学的科学研究除了学科专业研究外，还包括研究我们自己。②问题研究是高等教育研究的基本路径之一。高等教育研究有两条路径，一是学科建设，二是问题研究。高等教育科学的学科建设是专职高教研究人员的事情，主要是应用逻辑的方法从理论上进行系统的研究；问题研究是大学管理干部和教师研究高等教育的基本路径。近几年，我国高等教育得到了发展，但又有很多问题困扰我们，影响高等教育的健康发展。我们应围绕这些问题展开，分析原因，提高对策，达到全部或部分的解决问题，这就是通常所说的“问题研究”。<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>大学生科学研究应遵循的什么原则？ <span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：⑴科研与教学相统一的原则。教师在科研中必须注意以下三点：①科研选题首先要考虑教学的需要，问题来自于教学，使科研尽可能与教学保持一致；②将科研成果引进教学之中，充实教学内容，将科研方法，科学精神寓于教学之中，培养学生的科学素养；③为学生参与科研创造条件，特别是吸收研究生进入科研过程，通过科研实践使学生得到真正的训练，以提高学生的科研能力。⑵课题中心原则。以课题为中心，保持相对稳定的研究方向。⑶团队原则。大学科时代的科研需要团队协作才能有竞争力，才可能出大成果。大学教师应主动地融入一个团队，以团队利益为重，齐心协力。<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>如何加强我国大学的学术权利（包括为什么要加强？怎么加强？）<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：<u>⑴存在的问题。</u>①作为最高决策机构的党政联席会议，或者是党委常委会没有教授参与，学校权利过于集中在行政系统；②学术委员会及专业委员会成员多为二级行政权利的代表，如院长，系主任及职能部门的负责人，来自基层的教授只有少数，甚至是点缀。学术组织并不真正代表学术权利；③校务委员会，教代会制度不够健全完善，尚未发挥应有作用。<u>⑵对问题的思考。</u>要摸索一套适合我国国情的模式，需要时间和实践才能完成，这里提出几个建议：①建立健全校务委员会决策制度，吸收一定数量的教授参加学校重大行政事务和学术事务的决策；②建立健全各种学术组织，包括学术委员会，学位委员会，职称评聘委员会，教学指导委员会等，教师代表在其中应占据多数，以确保教授学者与学术事务决策的权力；③民主选举产生院长，校长。我国大学可从院长和系主任开始，以民选替代任命制，首先保证基层组织学术权利到位。待条件成熟后校长也可以通过民选产生。<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;line-height:8.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;
color:maroon'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;line-height:8.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:maroon'>三、论述题</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue'>（答案只写要点，发挥要看个人）</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;
color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>你如何认识教育科学的对象与性质？</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）教育科学是研究教育现象的本质与规律的科学。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）教育科学属于人文社会科学，同时与自然科学存在大量的交叉。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）教育科学是一个学科群。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>为什么学习与研究高教理论的意义？</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）高教实践需要高教理论的指导。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）学习与研究高教理论是大学教师专业化的需要。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:16.25pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>大学教师从专业角度讲，他所从事的是科学教育工作，是科学与教育的结合，其专业化的要求，除在学科专业领域必须有较高的造诣外，还必须掌握教育规律，具有教育理论与教学技能方面的修养。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.75pt;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>教师在亲身的教学实践中，可积累自己的直接经验。通过经验的积累也能摸索到一些教学的规律，因而取得一定的教学效果。但是必须看到，仅仅靠经验是远远不够的，如果不将经验上升到理论，就会<span
class=GramE>给实践</span>带来极大的盲目性，就会走更多的弯路，花更大的代价，就很难使认识由必然王国走向自由王国。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.75pt;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>认识教学理论对教学实践的重要意义，关键问题是要承认，教学内容所反映的科学规律与教学虽然有关，但却不能代替教学规律，学术水平也代替不了教学水平。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.75pt;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>总起来讲，要搞好教学工作必须做到理论和实践的统一，在对待学科理论的问题上要注意防止和克服经验主义，这样才能使教学水平和学术水平都得到提高。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>美国高等教育的发展为什么能后来居上？</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：总结美国近代高等教育发展经验，可以<span class=GramE>慨括</span>为以下几点：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）稳步发展本科教育，大力发展研究生教育和二年制专科教育，形成适应大众化教育所需要的多层次、多结构、多类型的庞大高等教育体系，以多规格人才满足社会和个人多元化需求。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）在高等教育的运营机制上充分利用市场法则，在行政管理上合理地划分了中央、地方和大学管理权限，在校内管理上较好地处理了社会参与大学自治的关系。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）社会和高校都有较强的危机意识，联邦政府在逐步认识到高等教育对保持本国霸主地位重要作用的基础上，逐步加大了介入高教事业的力度。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>试述制定教育目的的理论依据是什么</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：正确认识社会发展与人的发展的内涵及其相互关系，是分析教育功能与价值，制定教育目的的理论依据。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（一）什么是社会发展</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）两种社会发展理论</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:13.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>一种是马克思主义关于整个人类社会发展的理论。另一种是现代社会发展理论，即社会现代化理论。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）三代生产力与社会现代化的主要目标</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:13.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>社会现代化是一个历史发展过程，只具有相对的意义，但也有确定的内涵与目标。从三代生产力的划分出发，所谓社会现代化，实质上就是生产力的更新换代。一次现代化，即传统意义上的现代化，实现由农业社会到工业社会的转型。二次现代化实现由工业社会到信息社会或知识社会的转型。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）现代发展观</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:13.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在发展观上经历了三次重大发展。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:13.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>第一次转变，是由发展等于经济规模的增长，转变为经济规模、质量、结构、效益的全面发展。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:13.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>第二次转变，是由发展等于经济的全面发展，转变为经济和社会的全面协调发展。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:13.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>第三次转变，是由发展等于经济、社会的全面协调发展，转变为经济、社会全面协调可持续地发展。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（二）什么是人的发展</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）人是社会实践的主体</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:13.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>人与其他动物的根本区别在于他是作为社会实践的主体而存在的。人之为人，正是主体性、实践性、社会性的统一。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）人具有多重属性</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>作为社会实践主体的人具有多重属性。两分法，认为人具体自然属性和社会属性两种属性；另一种观点是三分法，心理属性社会属性、自然属性。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）人的发展是人的本质及其基本属性的发展和完善</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（三）社会发展与人的发展的关系</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）社会发展与个体发展的一致性</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:13.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>其一，两者互为存在的条件。其二，两者互为发展的条件。其三，两者是在互动中发展的。其四，使每个个体获得充分而自由的发展，是社会发展的终极目的，这是认识两者一致性的根本出发点和归宿。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）社会发展与个体发展的矛盾性</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:13.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>社会发展与个体发展的一致性，究其本质的关系而言，然而当社会历史条件不能满足全体社会成员的需要时，就会产生矛盾。社会发展与个体发展的矛盾，产生与一定的社会历史条件。一是社会生产水平的制约。二是社会制度的制约。三是传统观念的束缚。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>试析大学教学的特点</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：（</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）教学：</span></b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>教学是教育的基本途径，是教师指导下学生的学习活动，是有目的、有计划、有组织进行的人为的可以控制的活动。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.6pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.47;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）教学过程：</span></b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>是教学条件下学生获得认识与发展的过程。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>教学条件构成的因素有哪些？</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：</span></b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）师生在教学中的地位作用及其相互作用（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）课程，即教学活动的内容（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）教学方法及教学组织形式（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'>4</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）教学时间（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>5</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）教学环境</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt'> </span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'>6</span><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）教学的物质条件。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>大学教学过程有何规律性？</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：</span></b><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）教学过程是教学条件下学生获得认识与发展的过程；</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）教学条件与教学目标的相关性是教学过程的核心问题；</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）教学过程的阶段性与连续性。</span><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>大学教学过程有何特点？</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：</span></b><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）大学教学的专业性</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）教学与科研相结合</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）大学生学习的独立性</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>结合实际，谈谈青年教师在推进大学教学整体改革中的应为和可为。</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：</span></b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）在教育思想上正确认识和处理传承和创新的关系，使大学教学过程由单纯的学习过程转变为以学习为主，学习与发现相结合的过程；</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）在教育目标上正确认识和处理全面发展与创新人才培养的关系，克服片面发展和平均发展的倾向，确立以全面发展为基础，以培养创新精神和实践能力为重点的教育目标；</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）在教学内容上正确认识和处理科学的确定性和不确定性的关系，使教学内容从封闭的知识体系转变为开放的知识体系；</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>4</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）在教学方法上正确认识和处理讲授与自学、学习与科研的关系，使教学方法从讲授为主转变为自学为主，并使科研真正进入大学教学过程，以促进学生由学会学习到进入科研，由自学达到治学；</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>5</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）在教学管理上正确认识和处理统一要求与个性发展的关系，变刚性管理为弹性管理。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>大学教学整体改革的目标：</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>答：（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）在教育思想上正确认识和处理传承和创新的关系，使大学教学过程由单纯的学习过程转变为以学习为主，学习与发现相结合的过程</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）在教育目标上正确认识和处理全面发展与创新人才培养的关系，克服片面发展和平均发展的倾向，确立以全面发展为基础，以培养创新精神和实践能力为重点的教育目标</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）在教学内容上正确认识和处理科学的确定性和不确定性的关系，使教学内容从封闭的知识体系转变为开放的知识体系</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>大学教学整体改革的策略：</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>答：（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）整体改革与单项改革相结合</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）教学改革必须经过实验</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>优化大学课程结构应处理好哪些关系？</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>答：（一）通识教育课程与专业教育课程的关系；</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> </span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）两类课程皆应重视而不可偏废</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> </span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）两类课程应以专业教育课程为主；</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（二）专业基础课与专业课的关系</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（三）分科课程与综合课程的关系</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（四）理论课程与教学实践环节的关系</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> 1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>．应以理论学习为主</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> 2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>．在坚持以理论学习为主的同时，必须使学生不断积累与扩大实践经验；</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（五）显性课程与隐性课程的关系</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（六）必修课程与选修课程的关系</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（七）主修专业课程与第二专业课程的关系</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;
line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（八）先行课程与后续课程的关系</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>问题研究：</span></b><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>研究围绕着具体问题展开，分析原因，提出对策，最终能全部或部分地加强问题。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>大学科学研究有哪些特点？</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>答：</span></b><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）大学学科齐全，门类众多，具有高度的组织性，能满足大学科交叉综合研究的需要（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）大学学术思想活跃，后备力量充足，能满足大学科探索和创新的需要（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）大学是信息集散地，满足大科学对信息的需要（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>4</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）大学研究承担国家重大基础性研究课题，适宜于原创性研究（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>5</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）大学教师广泛开展自由选题的研究，大学是<span
class=GramE>小科学</span>的研究基地。</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>为什么<span class=GramE>说学术</span>追求是大学组织的本质特征<span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>？</span></span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>答：</span></b><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>大学组织的本质特征决定了科学研究是大学三项基本职能之一。学术追求是大学文化和大学精神的重要组成部分，是大学组织本质特征的表现。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）“大学者，研究高深学问者也”；</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）大学学术之上有如企业利润之上；</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style='font-size:
6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>）大学学术追求的层次性，大学学术追求有两个层次；第一个层次表现为追求学术的意识，第二个层次表现为追求学术的行为。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;line-height:8.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-pagination:widow-orphan'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>如何加强我国大学的学术权力。</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:red'> </span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:6.5pt;color:blue;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=a style='margin-left:-.1pt;mso-para-margin-left:-.01gd;text-indent:
0cm;mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri'>答：（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>1</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri'>）建立健全校务委员会决策制度，吸收一定数量的教授参加学校重大行政事务和学术事务的决策。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=a style='margin-left:-.1pt;mso-para-margin-left:-.01gd;text-indent:
9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>2</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri'>）建立健全各种学术组织，包括学术委员会、学位委员会、职称评定委员会、教学指导委员会等，教师代表在其中应占据多数，以确保教授学者参与学术事务决策的权力。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=a style='margin-left:-.1pt;mso-para-margin-left:-.01gd;text-indent:
9.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5;line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'>3</span><span
style='font-size:6.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri'>）民主选举产生院长、校长。我国大学可先从院长和系主任开始，以民选制替代任命制，首先保证基层组织学术权力到位。等条件成熟后，校长也可以通过民选产生。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:8.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:6.5pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

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